Class 10 - Social Science : Contemporary India II
Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries
Top Block 1
Question : 1 What is manufacturing?
Answer :
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products, is called manufacturing.
Question : 2 Name any three physical factors that affect location of the industry.
Answer :
The three factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favourable climate.
Question : 3 three human inputs that control location of industries.
Answer :
Human inputs that control location of industries is:
1. Labour,
2. Market and
3. Transport facilities.
Question : 4 Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
Answer :
Limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum are the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Question : 5 How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer :
Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water immensely. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide. Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and the different means of transport. Noise causes impairment to hearing.
Question : 6 Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry?
Answer :
Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it, is done in two or more successive stages.
(i) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(ii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases:
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
Mulitiple Choice Questions
MCQ : 1. Which one of the following cities has emerged as the ‘electronic capital’ of India? [All India 2012]
(a) Delhi
(b) Kolkata
(c) Bengaluru
(d) Hyderabad
MCQ : 2. On what basis is the industrial sector classified into public and private sectors? [All India 2012]
(a) Employment conditions
(b) The nature of economic activity
(c) Ownership of enterprises
(d) Number of workers employed in the enterprise
MCQ : 3. Which one of the following factors plays the most important role in the location of an industry in a particular region? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Raw material
(b) Market
(c) Least production cost
(d) Transport
MCQ : 4. Which one of the following industries generates the largest amount of employment? [Foreign 2012]
(a) Cotton Industry
(b) Jute Industry
(c) Silk Industry
(d) Textile Industry
MCQ : 5. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants? [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA steel
(d) MNCC
MCQ : 6. Which one of the following industries is the largest contributor of Gross Domestics Production (GDP) in India? [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) Rubber
(b) Jute
(c) Sugar
(d) Textile
MCQ : 7. TISCO is: [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) Joint Sector Industry
(b) Private Sector Industry
(c) Co – operative Sector Industry
(d) Public Sector Industry
MCQ : 8. Which one of the following countries is giving stiff competition to India with regard to jute industry? [Delhi 2011]
(a) Brazil
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Philippines
(d) Thailand
MCQ : 9. Which one of the following has been the major source of foreign exchange for IT industry? [AI 2011]
(a) BHEL
(b) SAIL
(c) BPO
(d) OIL
MCQ : 10. Which one of the following public sector plants is located in Chhattisgarh? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Bokaro Steel Plant
(b) Bhilai Steel Plant
(c) Durgapur Steel Plant
(d) Rourkela Steel Plant
MCQ : 11. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Chemical
(d) Fertiliser
MCQ : 12. Which one of the following agencies, markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
MCQ : 13. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material ?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
MCQ : 14. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc. ?
(a) Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Electronic
(d) Information Technology
MCQ : 15. The first textile mill was established in
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Coimbatore
MCQ : 16. Software technology park in Kerala
(a) Kochi
(b) Thiruvananthapuram
(c) Coimbatore
(d) Alleppy
MCQ : 17. Leading centre of woollen textile industry in Punjab
(a) Kanpur
(b) Ludhiana
(c) Murshidabad
(d) Panipat
MCQ : 18. Which of the following sectors does manufacturing belong to?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary Sector
(d) All the above
MCQ : 19. Which of the following industries is not a heavy industry?
(a) Cotton textile
(b) Cement
(c) Iron and Steel
(d) Ship building
MCQ : 20. To which category Iron and Steel industry belong to?
(a) Small scale
(b) Large scale
(c) Cooperative sector
(d) Agro based
MCQ : 21. The first cement plant was set up at
(a) Mumbai
(b) Delhi
(c) Chennai
(d) Kolkata
MCQ : 22. Which city is known as electronic capital of India ?
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Kolkata
(c) Mumbai
(d) Bengaluru
MCQ : 23. The Software Technology Park in Rajasthan is located at
(a) Jodhpur
(b) Jaipur
(c) Udaipur
(d) Bikaner
MCQ : 24. Which city is known as the Manchester of India ?
(a) Chennai
(b) Kolkata
(c) Delhi
(d)Mumbai
MCQ : 25. The first Jute mill was set up in ……………
(a) Kolkata
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Mumbai
MCQ : 26. India exports yarn to which of the following countries ?
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) UK
(d) Singapore
MCQ : 27. Which position does India hold in terms of exporter of Jute goods ?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Fourth
(d) Seventh
MCQ : 28. To which one of the following countries does India export jute goods ?
(a) Japan
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) France
MCQ : 29. Which position does India hold in terms of Sugar production ?
(a) First
(b) Fifth
(c) Second
(d) Third
MCQ : 30. Most of the sugar industries are ideally suited to
(a) Private sector
(b) Joint sector
(c) Cooperative sector
(d) Public sector
MCQ : 31. The first Iron and Steel company was set up at …………
(a) Tarapur
(b) Durgapur
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Bhadravati
MCQ : 32. The shore based Iron and Steel plant of India is at ……………
(a) Vishakhapatnam
(b) Salem
(c) Bhadravati
(d) Durgapur
MCQ : 33. Which of the two steel plants are in collaboration with Russia?
(a) Bhadravati and Salem
(b) Bhilai and Bokaro
(c) Bokaro and Jamshedpur
(d) Burnpur and Durgapur
MCQ : 34. Which country is the largest producer of Iron and Steel in the world ?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) UK
MCQ : 35. Which is the second most important metallurgical industry in India ?
(a) Iron and Steel
(b) Copper smelting
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) Cement
MCQ : 36. Which position does India hold in the world in terms of chemical industry ?
(a) Tenth
(b) Third
(c) Twelfth
(d) Second
MCQ : 37. India in the third largest producer of:
(a) Phosphate
(b) Potash
(c) Ammonium Phosphate
(d) Nitrogenous fertilizer
MCQ : 38. To which countries does India export cement ?
(a) America
(b) Europe
(c) Middle East
(d) East Asia
MCQ : 39. Which of the following states have more than one Software Technology Park ?
(a) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
(b) Karnataka and Orissa
(c) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra and Karnataka
MCQ : 40. The only Software Technology Park is located in which one of the following north-eastern states.
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Mizoram
(d) Assam
MCQ : 41. Iron and Steel industry requires Iron ore, coking coal and limestone in which of the following proportions ?
(a) 2 : 3 : 1
(b) 4 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 : 3
(d) 2 : 3 : 4
MCQ : 42. Which rank does India hold in terms of crude steel production in the world ?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Seventh
(d) Ninth
MCQ : 43. The per capita consumption of steel in India is
(a) 50 kg /Annum
(b) 40 kg / Annum
(c) 32 kg/Annum
(d) 20 kg/Annum
MCQ : 44. Which of the following states has more than one Iron and Steel plant ?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) West Bengal
(c) Qcissa
(d) Chhatisgarh
MCQ : 45. To which one of the following countries India has an easy access from Gujarat to export cement ?
(a) Gulf countries
(b) USA
(c) Russia
(d) European counties
MCQ : 46. Which one of the following is not a centre of Automobile industry ?
(a) Chennai
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Coimbatore
ANSWERS
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Mddle block 1
Additional Questions
Question : 1 Name the three physical factors that affect location of industries.
Answer :
The three factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favorable climate.
Question : 2 Name three human inputs that control location of industries.
Answer :
Human inputs that control location of industries is:1. Labour 2.Market 3. Transport facilities.
Question : 3 What are light industries?
Answer :
Industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods are called light industries.
Example: Industries manufacturing sewing machine and electric fans.
Question : 4 Name four important cotton textile centres of Maharashtra.
Answer :
The cotton textile centres of Maharashtra are:1. Mumbai, 2.Solapur, 3.Pune, 4. Nagpur.
Question : 5 Why are most of the jute mills of India located in West Bengal?
Answer :
1. About 90% of India’s jute is produced in the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta. Hence there is abundant and regular supply of jute.
2. Coal is obtained from Raniganj coalfields, which is less the 200km away.
3. Hooghly river provides fresh water in abundance it the industry for washing jute and jute goods.
4. Cheap skilled and unskilled labour is available from the densely populated states of W.Bengal, Bihar, and U.P.
5. Cheap water transportation with a network of roads and railways help in collection of raw materials and distribution of finished goods.
6. Cheap and adequate hydel power is available from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
7. Kolkata provides good port facilities for the import of machinery and export of finished jute products.
8. There is no dearth of finances required to be invested.
Question : 6 Name two most important sugar producing states of India.
Answer :
Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Question : 7 Name two iron and steel producing plants each of Karnataka and West Bengal.
Answer :
Iron and steel plants of Karnataka are – Bhadravati and Vijayanagar, West Bengal- Durgapur and Burnpur.
Question : 8 Name five electronic goods producing centres of India.
Answer :
Five electronic goods producing centers are Banglore, Hyderabad , Delhi, Mumbai , Chennai.
Question : 9 What is the annual production of cement in the country at present?
Answer :
131 million tones production of cement per annum in India.
Question : 10 Describe briefly the distribution of railway equipments industries in India.
Answer :
The railway equipments industries are at different places. The steam engines, diesel engines and electric engines are manufactured at Chittaranjan in the West Bengal, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and Jamshedpur in Jharkhand. Rails and sleeper bars are manufactured at different steel plants. Coaches are manufactured at Parambur, Bangalore, Kapurthala and Kolkata.
Question : 11 Why is the iron and steel industry located in Peninsular India only?
Answer :
Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the basic raw material for the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel industry is located near the iron and coal deposits particularly at Jamshedpur in Bihar or in the Chhotanagpur area, bordering West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, because of the following reasons:
1. All the raw materials required for iron and steel industry like iron-ore, coking coal and the limestone are available in this area.
2. Because all these things are heavy and bulky ,the location of this industry is therefore, governed by the close proximity to raw materials. Bulky and heavy raw materials exert much pressure to locate the industry nearby i.e., in the Chhotanagpur area. Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Durgapur etc, are all situated in this area.
3. Means of transport, like railways and roads, also pass through this area on stupendous scale, so manufactured goods can easily be distributed within the country and also exported to other countries.
4. Fourthly, if the iron and steel industries are near the iron and coal mines, the labour problem is also solved to a great extent. The labour and other facilities are easily available there.
Question : 12 Describe briefly the distribution of silk textile industry in India.
Answer :
Distribution of Silk Textile Industry in India
1. Mulberry, tasar, chanderi and munga silk are major silk varieties that are produced in India.
2. There are 90 big and small silk mills, producing silk goods in the country.
3. More than 90% of the country’s silk production comes from Karnataka, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir.
4. Main silk producing centers are. (I) Bungler, Kolar, Mysore and Belgaum in Karnataka.
(ii) Murshabad and Bankure in West Bengal.
(iii) Anantnag, Baramula and Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir.
Question : 13 Describe the distribution of ship-building industry in India.
Answer :
Ship building Industry in India
1.Ship building is a large industry, which needs huge investment of capital.
2. At present, Vishakapattanam, Kolkatta, Kochi, Mumbai and Marmugao are major ship building centres of the country. All these centres are in public sector.
3.There are also private sector shipyards. They look after the local needs of the people.
4. Vishakapattanam produces the ship of maximum size of 1,00,000 DWT (Dead weight Tonnage) and Kochi produces the ship of maximum size of 50,000 DWT.
5.Seventeen dry docks are also engaged in the repairs of ships in the country.
Question : 14 How does industrial pollution degrade environment?
Answer :
Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water very badly. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide. Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and other means of transport. Noise causes impairment of hearing.
Question : 15 Name three major air pollutants.
Answer :
Air borne dust, smoke and undesirable gases are three major air pollutants.
Question : 16
Answer :
Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities by processing from raw material to more valuable products.
Question : 17 List four agro based industries.
Answer :
Sugar, edible oil, cotton and silk are agro based industries.
Question : 18 Mention 4 raw materials needed for a cement industry.
Answer :
Lime stone, silica, alumina and gypsum are the raw materials needed for a cement industry
Question : 19 Why are most of the jute mills of India located in West Bengal?
Answer :
1. About 90% of India’s jute is produced in the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta. Hence there is abundant and regular supply of jute.
2. Coal is obtained from Raniganj coalfields, which is less the 200km away.
3. Hooghly river provides fresh water in abundance it the industry for washing jute and jute goods.
4. Cheap skilled and unskilled labour is available from the densely populated states of W.Bengal, Bihar, and U.P.
5. Cheap water transportation with a network of roads and railways help in collection of raw materials and distribution of finished goods.
6. Cheap and adequate hydel power is available from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
7. Kolkata provides good port facilities for the import of machinery and export of finished jute products.
8. There is no dearth of finances required to be invested.
Question : 20 Why is the iron and steel industry located in Peninsular India only?
Answer :
Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the basic raw material for the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel industry is located near the iron and coal deposits particularly at Jamshedpur in Bihar or in the Chhotanagpur area, bordering West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, because of the following reasons:
1. All the raw materials required for iron and steel industry like iron-ore, coking coal and the limestone are available in this area.
2. Because all these things are heavy and bulky ,the location of this industry is therefore, governed by the close proximity to raw materials. Bulky and heavy raw materials exert much pressure to locate the industry nearby i.e., in the Chhotanagpur area. Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Durgapur etc, are all situated in this area.
3. Means of transport, like railways and roads, also pass through this area on stupendous scale, so manufactured goods can easily be distributed within the country and also exported to other countries.
4. Fourthly, if the iron and steel industries are near the iron and coal mines, the labour problem is also solved to a great extent. The labour and other facilities are easily available there.
Question : 21 : Describe the distribution of ship-building industry in India.
Answer :
Ship building Industry in India
1.Ship building is a large industry, which needs huge investment of capital.
2. At present, Vishakapattanam, Kolkatta, Kochi, Mumbai and Marmugao are major ship building centres of the country. All these centres are in public sector.
3.There are also private sector shipyards. They look after the local needs of the people.
4. Vishakapattanam produces the ship of maximum size of 1,00,000 DWT (Dead weight Tonnage) and Kochi produces the ship of maximum size of 50,000 DWT.
5.Seventeen dry docks are also engaged in the repairs of ships in the country.
Question : 22 How does industrial pollution degrade environment?
Answer :
Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water very badly. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide. Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and other means of transport. Noise causes impairment of hearing.