NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms Chapter 12 is a part of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics. Here we have given NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms Chapter 12 which will help you to understand and for preparation of CBSE examination and other competitive examinations. Prepare for exams with NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms Chapter 12 and refer to your friends also.
Top Block 1
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
Question : 1
Choose the correct alternative from the clues given at the end of the each statement:
(a) The size of the atom in Thomson’s model is ………. the atomic size in Rutherford’s model (much greater than/no different from/much less than.)
(b) In the ground state of ………. electrons are in stable equilibrium, while in ………. electrons always experience a net force (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)
(c) A classical atom based on ………. is doomed to collapse (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)
(d) An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in a ………. but has a highly non-uniform mass distribution in………. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)
(e) The positively charged part of the atom possesses most of the mass in………. (Rutherford’s model/both the models.)
Show Answer :
Answer :
(a) The sizes of the atom in Thomson’s model is no different from the atomic size in Rutherford’s model.
(b) In the ground state of Thomson’s model electrons are in stable equilibrium, while in Rutherford’s model electrons always experience a net force
(c) A classical atom based on Rutherford’s model is doomed to collapse (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)
(d) An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in a Thomson’s model but has a highly non-uniform mass distribution in Rutherford’s model.
(e) The positively charged part of the atom possesses most of the mass in both.
Question : 2
Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil.
(Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K.) What results do you expect?
Show Answer :
Answer :
In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, if a thin sheet of solid hydrogen is used in place of a gold foil, then the scattering angle would not be large enough.
This is because the mass of hydrogen (1.67 × 10−27 kg) is less than the mass of incident α−particles (6.64 × 10−27 kg).
Thus, the mass of the scattering particle is more than the target nucleus (hydrogen).
As a result, the α−particles would not bounce back if solid hydrogen is used in the α-particle scattering experiment
Question : 3
What is the shortest wavelength present in the Paschen series of spectral lines?
Show Answer :
Answer :
Using Rydberg’s formula:
(hc/ λ) = (21.76 x 10-19) ((1/n12)-(1/n22))
Where h = Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10−34Js, c = Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s,
RH = (21.76 x 10-19), (n1 and n2 are integers)
The shortest wavelength present in the Paschen series of the spectral lines is given for values n1 = 3 and n2 = ∞.
(hc/ λ) = (21.76 x 10-19) [(1)/ (32) – (1)/ (∞2)]
λ = (6.6 x 10-34 x 3 x 108 x9)/ (21.76 x 10-19)
λ =8.189 x 10-7 m
=818.9nm
Question : 4
A difference of 2.3 eV separates two energy levels in an atom.
What is the frequency of radiation emitted when the atom make a transition from the upper level to the lower level?
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
E = 2.3 eV
= 2.3 x 1.6 x 10-19 J
=3.68 x 10-19 J
As E = (hf)
Therefore, h = (E/h)
= (3.68 x 10-19)/ (6.62 x 10-34)
=5.6 x 1014 Hz
Mddle block 1
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
Question : 5
The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. What are the kinetic and potential energies of the electron in this state?
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
Ground state energy of hydrogen atom, E = − 13.6 eV
This is the total energy of a hydrogen atom. Kinetic energy is equal to the negative of the total energy.
Kinetic energy = − E = − (− 13.6) = 13.6 eV
Potential energy is equal to the negative of two times of kinetic energy.
Potential energy = − (2 × (13.6)) = − 27 .2 eV
Question : 6
A hydrogen atom initially in the ground level absorbs a photon, which excites it to the n = 4 level.
Determine the wavelength and frequency of photon.
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
For ground level, n1 = 1
Energy of n1 level = E1
E1 = (-13.6)/ (n12) eV
= (-13.6) (12)
=-13.6 eV
The atom is excited to a higher level, n2 = 4.
Energy of n2 level = E2
E2 = (-13.6)/ (n22) eV
= (-13.6) (42)
E2= (-13.6)/ (16) eV
The amount of energy absorbed by the photon is given as:
E = (E2 − E1)
= (-13.6/16) – (-13.6/1)
= ((13.6 x 15)/ (16)) x (1.6 x 10-19)
=2.04 x 10-18 J
For a photon of wavelength λ, the expression of energy is written as:
E = (hc)/ (λ)
Where,
h = Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10−34Js
c = Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s
Therefore, λ = (hc)/ (E)
= (6.6 × 10−34 x 3 x 108)/ (2.04 x 10-18)
= (9.7 x 10-8) m
= 97nm
And, frequency of a photon is given by the relation,
ν = (c/ λ)
= (3 x 108)/ (9.7 x 10-8)
=3.1 x 1015 Hz
Hence, the wavelength of the photon is 97 nm while the frequency is 3.1 × 1015 Hz.
Question : 7
(a) Using the Bohr’s model calculate the speed of the electron in a hydrogen atom in the n = 1, 2, and 3 levels.
(b) Calculate the orbital period in each of these levels.
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
Let electron of hydrogen atom at ground state n1 = 1
Orbital speed of the electron = v1
Charge of an electron = e
v1 = (e2)/ (n1 4∏ε0 (h/2∏))
= (e2)/ (2ε0h)
Where e = 1.6 x 10-19C,
ε0 = Permittivity of free space = (8.85 x 10-12) N-1C2m-2
Planck’s constant h = 6.62 x 10-34Js
Therefore, ν = (1.6 x 10-19)2/ (2x 8.85 x 10-12x6.62 x 10-34)
=0.0218 x 108
= (2.18 x 106) m/s
For level n2 = 2, we can write the relation for the corresponding orbital speed as:
v2 = (e2)/ (n22 ε0h)
= (1.6 x 10-19)2/ (2 x 2x 8.85 x 10-12x6.62 x 10-34))
= (1.09 x 106) m/s
And, for n3 = 3, we can write the relation for the corresponding orbital speed as:
v3 = (e2)/ (n32 ε0h)
= ((1.6 x 10-19)2/ (3 x 2 x 8.85 x 10-12x6.62 x 10-34))
= (7.27 x 105) m/s
Hence, the speed of the electron in a hydrogen atom in n = 1, n=2, and n=3 is 2.18 ×106 m/s, 1.09 × 106 m/s, 7.27 × 105 m/s respectively.
(b) Let T1 be the orbital period of the electron when it is in level n1 = 1.
Orbital period is related to orbital speed as:
T1 = (2∏r1)/ (v1)
Where, r1 = Radius of the orbit = ((n1)2h2 ε0)/ (∏me2)
h = Planck’s constant = 6.62 × 10−34Js
e = Charge on an electron = 1.6 × 10−19 C
ε0 = Permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10−12 N−1 C2 m−2
m = Mass of an electron = 9.1 × 10−31 kg
Therefore, T1 = (2∏r1)/ (v1)
= ((2∏x (1)2 x (6.62 x 10-34)2x (8.85 x 10-12))/ ((2.18 ×106) x ∏ x (9.1 × 10−31) x (1.6 × 10−19))
=15.27 x 10-17
T1 =1.527 x 10-16 sec
For level n2 = 2, we can write the period as:
T2 = (2∏r2)/ (v2)
Where, r2 = Radius of the electron in n2 = 2
= ((n2)2h2 ε0)/ (∏me2)
Therefore, T2 = (2∏r2)/ (v2)
= ((2∏x (2)2 x (6.62 x 10-34)2x (8.85 x 10-12))/ ((1.09 ×106) x ∏ x (9.1 × 10−31) x (1.6 × 10−19))
=1.22 x 10-15sec
And, for level n3 = 3, we can write the period as:
T3 = (2∏r3)/ (v3)
Where, r3 = Radius of the electron in n3 = 3
= ((n3)2h2 ε0)/ (∏me2)
Therefore, T3 = (2∏r3)/ (v3)
= ((2∏x (3)2 x (6.62 x 10-34)2x (8.85 x 10-12))/ ((7.27 ×106) x ∏ x (9.1 × 10−31) x (1.6 × 10−19))
=4.12 x 10-15sec
Hence, the orbital period in each of these levels is 1.52 × 10−16 s, 1.22 × 10−15 s, and 4.12 × 10−15 s respectively.
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
Question : 8
The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3×10–11 m. What are the radii of the n = 2 and n =3 orbits?
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
The radius of the innermost orbit of a hydrogen atom, r1 = 5.3 × 10−11 m.
Let r2 = radius of the orbit at n = 2.
It is related to the radius of the innermost orbit as:
r2 = (n) 2 r1
= (4 x 5.3 x 10-11)
=2.12 x 10-10m
For n = 3, we can write the corresponding electron radius as:
r3 = (n) 2 r1
= (9 x 5.3 x 10-11)
= 4.77 x 10-10 m
Hence, the radii of an electron for n = 2 and n = 3 orbits are 2.12 × 10−10 m and 4.77 × 10−10 m respectively.
Question : 9
A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. What series of wavelengths will be emitted?
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
It is given that the energy of the electron beam used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room temperature 12.5 eV.
Also, the energy of the gaseous hydrogen in its ground state at room temperature = −13.6 eV.
When gaseous hydrogen is bombarded with an electron beam, the energy of the gaseous hydrogen becomes= (−13.6 + 12.5) eV = −1.1 eV.
Orbital energy is related to orbit level (n) as:
E =-(13.6)/ (n2) eV
For n=3, E = – (13.6)/ (9)
=-1.5eV
This energy is approximately equal to the energy of gaseous hydrogen.
It can be seen that the electron has jumped from n = 1 to n = 3 level.
During its de-excitation, the electrons can jump from n = 3 to n = 1 directly, which forms a line of the Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum.
Using relation for wave number for Lyman series as:
(1/ λ) = RH ((1/12) – (1/n2))
Where,
RH = Rydberg constant = 1.097 × 107 m−1
λ= Wavelength of radiation emitted by the transition of the electron
For n = 3, we can obtain λ as:
(1/ λ) = (1.097 × 107) ((1) – (1/9))
= (1.097 x 107 x (8/9))
λ = (9)/ (8 x 1.097 x 107) = 102.55nm
If the electron jumps from n = 2 to n = 1, then the wavelength of the radiation is given as:
(1/ λ) = (1.097 x 107) x ((1/12) – (1/22))
= (1.097 x 107) (1-(1/4))
= (1.097 x 107) (3/4)
λ = (4)/ (3×1.097 x 107)
=121.54nm
For n = 3,
If the transition takes place from n = 3 to n = 2, then the wavelength of the radiation is given as:
(1/ λ) = (1.097 x 107) x ((1/22) – (1/32))
= (1.097 x 107) x ((1/4) – (1/9))
= (1.097 x 107) x (5/36)
λ = (36)/ (1.097 x 107 x 5)
=656.33nm
This radiation corresponds to the Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum.
Hence, in Lyman series, two wavelengths i.e., 102.5 nm and 121.5 nm are emitted.
And in the Balmer series, one wavelength i.e., 656.33 nm is emitted.
Question : 10
In accordance with the Bohr’s model, find the quantum number that characterises the earth’s revolution around the sun in an
orbit of radius 1.5 × 1011 m with orbital speed 3 × 104 m/s. (Mass of earth = 6.0 × 1024 kg.)
Show Answer :
Answer :
Given:
Radius of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, r = 1.5 × 1011 m
Orbital speed of the Earth, ν = 3 × 104 m/s
Mass of the Earth, m = 6.0 × 1024 kg
Angular momentum of earth = mvr = (6.0 × 1024 x 3 x104 x 1.5 x 1011)
= (2.7 x 1040) kg/m
According to Bohr’s model, angular momentum of earth around sun:
mvr = n x (h/2∏)
Where,
h = Planck’s constant = 6.62 × 10−34Js
n = Quantum number
Or (2.7 x 1040) = n x (h/2∏)
Therefore n = ((2∏) / (h)) x (2.7 x 1040)
= ((2∏)/ (6.62 × 10−34)) x (2.7 x 1040)
n = 2.57 x 1074
Hence, the quanta number that characterizes the Earth’ revolution is
2.57 × 1074
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Atoms
Bottom Block 3
Multiple Choice Questions Class 12 Physics
Click here to visit Official CBSE website
Click here for NCERT solutions
Click here to visit Official Website of NCERT
Click here to download NCERT Textbooks
