Class 10 - Social Science : Contemporary India II
Chapter 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources
Top Block 1
Question : 1 Distinguish between the following
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer :
(a)Ferrous Minerals:
Ferrous minerals account for about three fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.
(b)Non-ferrous Minerals:
India’s reserves and production of non- ferrous minerals is not very satisfactory. However, these minerals, which include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold, play a vital role in a number of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. Let us study the distribution of copper and bauxite.
Conventional Sources of Energy:
1. Conventional source of energy have been used since the early times.
2. Coal, Petroleum, natural gas, hydro-electricity, thermal power are the source of energy.
3. All conventional sources of energy except hydro-electricity are exhaustible.
4. These source cause environmental pollution.
5. These source require huge capital.
Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:
1. Non- conventional source of energy have came into the use only recently.
2. Wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal, biogas are example of these source of energy.
3. Most of the non- conventional sources of energy are inexhaustible.
4. These sources do not cause environmental pollution.
5. Small amount of money is sufficient to have these sources.
Question : 2 What is a mineral?
Answer :
Geologists define a mineral as a “homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.” Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest one. Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals. The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals. Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eat contains minerals. In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.
Question : 3 How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer :
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid, molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.
Question : 4 How do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer :
In order to conserve mineral resources, we must see to that our consumption of minerals does not increase our wants. We must remember that these resources are one of the greatest gifts of God and we must use these in such a manner that our future generations also enjoy this gift.
Question : 5 Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer :
In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Jharkhand is the largest producer where Jharia, Bokaro, karampur ,Palamu are the major coal fields. In West Bengal, Raniganj, Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling are the coal fields. Sarguja, Bilaspur, Raigarh and Bastar districts are coal fields found in Chhatisgarh. M.P. has coal fields in Chinaware district and in Maharashtra, Chanda is the main field.
Question : 6 Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer :
Solar energy has bright future in India because
a. India is blessed with plenty of solar energy because most part of the country receive bright monsoon period.
b. India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, space heating, crop drying, etc.
c. It is the abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy.
d. India is tropical country.
e. It is pollution free.
Question : 7 Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answer :
Globalisation is the new trend in the world scenario, which aims at integrating our economy with that of the world:
a. Its aim is to be realised within a certain time frame.
b. It is based on free and open international trade.
c. It ensures that only quality and competitive goods would survive the world market.
Impact
a. Indian farmers now are exposed to new industrial environment. They would have to complete with other farmers of other countries in producing quality and competitive goods.
b. With the use of favourable climatic conditions and soil conditions, improved and new implements, efficient labour we would have to produce goods, which could complete in the world markets.
c. India would need the technologies being used by foreign countries. Infrastructure like development of roads, electricity, irrigation and credit facilities will have to be developed.
Mulitiple Choice Questions
MCQ : 1. Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral? [All India 2012]
(a) Lead
(b) Copper
(c) Tin
(d) Limestone
MCQ : 2. Kodarma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Copper
(b) Bauxite
(c) Iron-ore
(d) Mica
MCQ : 3. Which one of the following fuels is considered environment friendly? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) Firewood
MCQ : 4. Which one of the following minerals belongs to the non-ferrous category?
(a) Iron Ore
(b) Manganese
(c) Cobalt
(d) Copper
MCQ : 5. Which one of the following states is the largest producer of ‘Manganese’ imlndia ? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Karnataka
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Orissa
(d) Jharkhand
MCQ : 6. Which one of the following is the largest producers of copper in India? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Orissa
MCQ : 7. Kudremukh is an important iron ore mine of: [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh
MCQ : 8. The largest solar power plant is located at: [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Madhapur
(c) Raipur
(d) Ajmer
MCQ : 9. Which of the following states is the oldest oil producing state in India? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) AndhraPradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Assam
(d) Bihar
MCQ : 10. Which one of the following minerals is a fossil fuel? [AI 2011]
(a) Barium
(b) Coal
(c) Zircon
(d) Uranium
MCQ : 11. Which one of the following states has the largest wind-farm cluster? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Rajasthan
MCQ : 12. What for is Moran-Hugrijanfamous ? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Atomic energy
(b) Solar plant
(c) Coal reserve
(d) Oil field
MCQ : 13. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
(d) None of the above
MCQ : 14. Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand ?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal
MCQ : 15.Kudremukh is an important Iron Ore mine of
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh
MCQ : 16. Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for
(a) Iron ore
(b) Mica
(c) Copper
(d) Limestone
MCQ : 17. Neyveli Lignite mines are located at
(a) Karnataka
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Orissa
MCQ : 18. The largest solar power plant is located at
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Madhapur
(c) Mahabalipuram
(d) Thar Desert
MCQ : 19. Kakrapara nuclear power station is located in the state of
(a) Maharashtra
(c) Karnataka
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
MCQ : 20. The Rhur of India is
(a) Godavari valley
(b) Damodar valley
(c) Ganga valley
(d) None of the above
MCQ : 21. The richest mineral belt of India is ………………
(a) Himalayas
(b) Northern plains
(c) Coastal plains
(d) Peninsular Plateau
MCQ : 22. The finest quality of iron ore is ……………..
(a) Bauxite
(b) Galena
(c) Magnetite
(d) Anthracite
MCQ : 23. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of Manganese ?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Mizoram
(d) Orissa
MCQ : 24. Which of the following industries is limestone a basic raw material?
(a) Aluminium smelting
(b) Manufacture of ferro alloys
(c) Electrical
(d) Cement
MCQ : 25. Low grade brown coal is called
(a) Magnetite
(b) Bauxite
(c) Lignite
(d) Limonite
MCQ : 26. Which of the following is an offshore oil field ?
(a) Ankaleshwar
(b) Digboi
(c) Kalol
(d) Mumbai High
MCQ : 27. India exports ………… minerals.
(a) Metallic minerals
(b) Non-metallic minerals
(c) Ferrous minerals
(d) Non-ferrous minerals
MCQ : 28. Indian Iron ore is mainly exported to ……………
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) China
(d) Japan
MCQ : 29. Which one of the following is not a conventional source of energy?
(a) Cow dung
(b) Firewood
(c) Coal
(d) Wind
MCQ : 30. A person who studies the formation of minerals, their age and physical and chemical properties – Who am I ?
(a) Geographer
(b) Geophysicist
(c) Geologist
(d) Geomorphologist
MCQ : 31. Minerals obtained from veins and lodes.
(a) Iron
(b) Gold
(c) Copper
(d) Manganese
MCQ : 32. The ocean beds are rich in ……………..
(a) Mica
(b) Manganese
(c) Gold
(d) Copper
MCQ : 33. Mining depends upon ……………
(a) Concentration of mineral only
(b) Ease of extraction
(c) Nearness to the market
(d) All of the above
MCQ : 34. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of Iron ore ?
(a) Chhattisgarh
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Karnataka
(d) Madhya Pradesh
MCQ : 35. Bailadila mines is located in which of the following states ?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Orissa
MCQ : 36. The iron ore from Kudremukh mines is exported through this port.
(a) Vishakhapatnam
(b) Mangalore
(c) Marmagoa
(d) Paradip
MCQ : 37. Metallurgical coal used in the smelting of iron ore is
(a) Anthracite
(b) Bituminous
(c) Lignite
(d) Peat
MCQ : 38. Which of the following states is the oldest producer of oil ?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Assam
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
MCQ : 39. The Hazira – Vijaipur – Jagdishpur pipeline does not pass through this state.
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra
MCQ : 40. Write True or False
(a) Thermal electricity is non-renewable.
(b) The largest solar power plant is located in Rajasthan.
(c) The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu.
(d) The Gulf of Kuchchh is the leading producer of geothermal energy.
MCQ : 41. Match the following :
| Column I | Column II | |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | Most important oil field of Gujarat | (i) Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
| (B) | Lignite mine | (ii) Tarapur |
| (C) | A nuclear power plant | (iii) Neyveli |
| (D) | A geothermal energy plant | (iv) Ankaleshwar |
| (E) | Large reserves of natural gas | (v) Manikarn |
(a) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (ii), (D) – (v), (E) – (i)
(b) (A) – (iii), (B) – (iv), (C) – (ii), (D) – (v), (E) – (i)
(c) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (v), (D) – (ii), (E) – (i)
(d) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (i), (D) – (ii), (E) – (v)
MCQ : 42. Where in India is Rat Hole mining done ?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Mizoram
MCQ : 43. To which Geological period does Gondwana coal belong ?
(a) over 200 million years
(b) 100 million years
(c) 50 million years
(d) 500 million years
MCQ : 44. For which mineral is Neyveli famous for ?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Manganese
(c) Lignite coal
(d) Limestone
MCQ : 45. Which of the following statements are incorrect with regard to placer deposits ?
(i) They occur as alluvial deposits.
(ii) They are corroded by water.
(iii) They occur in ocean beds.
(iv) They are found in sands of the valley floors and the base of hills.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
MCQ : 46. Which of the following pairs of statements are incorrect ?
(i) India is rich in copper.
(ii) Bauxite is formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
(iii) Maharashtra is the largest producer of Bauxite.
(iv) Mica is the most indispensable mineral used in electrical and electronic industries.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
MCQ : 47. Minerals need to be conserved because
(i) They are renewable.
(ii) They are depleting rapidly.
(iii) They are needed for country’s industrial development.
(iv) Their formation is very fast.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) All of the above.
MCQ : 48. Which of the following minerals is mined at Balaghat mines?
(a) Manganese
(b) Aluminium
(c) Copper
(d) Limestone
MCQ : 49. For which of the following minerals is Katni famous ?
(a) Iron Ore
(b) Mica
(c) Copper
(d) Bauxite
ANSWERS
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Mddle block 1
Additional Questions
Question : 1 Give three examples of metallic and three examples of non-metallic minerals.
Answer :
Metallic minerals are- Iron- ore, Copper, Manganese, Nickel.
Non – Metallic Minerals – Limestone, Dolomite, Mica.
Question : 2 Name four important iron ore-producing states of India.
Answer :
The four iron-ore producing states are:
1. Chattisgarh.
2. Jharkhand.
3. Orissa.
4. Karnataka.
Question : 3 Name four manganese ore-producing states of India.
Answer :
The four manganese producing states are (I) Karnataka,(2) Orissa, (3) Madhya Pradesh, (4) Maharashtra.
Question : 4 Name four bauxite-producing states.
Answer :
The Bauxite producing state are:(1)Jharkhand, (2) Orissa, (3) Gujarat, (4)Maharashtra.
Question : 5 Name three states which are known for the production of mica.
Answer :
Mica producing states are: (1) Jharkhand, (2) Bihar, (3)Andhra- Pradesh.
Question : 6 What are commercial sources of energy?
Answer :
The commercial sources of energy are: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Hydro –electricity and Nuclear energy.
Question : 7 What are conventional sources of energy?
Answer :
The conventional sources of energy are Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Electricity.
Question : 8 Name six non-commercial sources of energy.
Answer :
Non- commercial source of energy are fire wood, charcoal, cowdung and agricultural wastes, wood coal and babool wood.
Question : 9 Name three most important coal producing states of India.
Answer :
Three important coalproducing states are (1) Jharkhand, (2) Orissa and (3) West Bengal.
Question : 10 Mention three areas where petroleum is found in India.
Answer :
Gujarat, Mumbai High and Assam are three areas of petroleum.
Question : 11 Distinguish Between Metallic and Non-metallic minerals
Answer :
Metallic Minerals:
1. They can be melted to obtain new products.
2. They are usually hard and have shines or luster of their own.
3. They are ductile and malleable.
4. They are generally associated with igenous rocks.
5. When hit, they do not get broken.
6. Example: Copper, iron,aluminium, tin, silver, gold, manganese, etc.
Non- Metallic Minerals:
1. They do not yield new products on melting.
2. They are not so hard and have no shine or luster of their own.
3. They are not ductile and malleable.
4. They are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
5. When hit, they may get broken into pieces.
6. Example: Sulphur, coal, mica, petroleum, salt, clay, marble etc.
Question : 12 Distinguish Between Commercial and Non-Commercial Energy
Answer :
Commercial Energy:
1. The sources of energy which are used by the people for commercial purposes.
2. The use of commercial source of energy can be used as an indicator of economic development of the country.
3. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydro-electricity are the major commercial sources of energy.
Non- Commercial Energy:
1. The sources of energy which are used by the people for home consumption.
2. The use of non-commercial source of energy can be used an indicator of living standard of the country.
3. Fire wood, charcoal, cow-dung and agriculture waste are the major non-commercial sources of energy.
Question : 13 Distinguish between Anthracite and Bituminous Coal
Answer :
Anthracite and Bituminous Coal
Anthracite:
1. This is the best quality of coal.
2. It contains 90 to 95% if carbon content in it.
3. It is generally formed when the beds of coal are subject to extreme pressure and heat to the earth movements.
Bituminous Coal:
1. It is the second in quality.
2. It contains 60 to 80% carbon in it.
3. It is widely used.
Question : 14
Answer :
Natural Gas:
1. It is used as source of power in the urban areas.
2. It is also used as raw materials in petro chemical industries.
3. It takes less time in establishing a power plant.
4. Fertilizers are also produced by natural gas.
5. Its transportation is very easy. It is transported through pipeline.
Bio Gas:
1. It is used mostly in rural areas.
2. It is not used as raw material.
3. It is derived from farm shrubs, farm wastes animal and human wastes.
4. Decomposition of organic matter yields gas which has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene, charcoal etc.
5. Biogas plants are set up on Municipal, cooperative and individual basis.
Question : 16 Describe the distribution of iron ore in India.
Answer :
Iron –ore is the backbone of modern cultivation. It is used for manufacturing machines and tools. India has about 20% of the world reserves of iron ore. Most of the iron-ore mined in the country came from Chhatissgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Goa and Karnataka. Some well known iron-ore mines are in Durg and Dantewara- a district of Chattissgarh, Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and Sundargarh, Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj district of Orissa, North Goa, Chikmagalaur and Bellary district of Karnataka.
Question : 17 Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer :
In Jharkhand, the largest producer where Jharia, Bokaro, karampur , Palamu are the major coal fields.
In West Bengal ,Raniganj, Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling are the coal fields.
In Chhatisgarh ,Sarguja, Bilaspur, Raigarh and Bastar districts are coal fields.
M.P. has coal fields in Chhindwara district.
In Maharashtra – Chanda is the main coalfield.
Question : 18 Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer :
It is true that solar energy has bright future in India because
a. India is blessed with plenty of solar energy because most part of the country receive bright monsoon sun shine.
b. India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, space heating, crop drying etc.
c. It is most abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy.
d. India is tropical country.
e. It is pollution free.
Question : 19 What is Anthracite?
Answer :
Anthracite is the highest quality of hard coal.
Question : 20 List four non-conventional energy resources.
Answer :
Solar energy, wind power, biogas and geo-thermal energy are non-conventional energy resources.
Question : 21 Suggest two ways of conserving minerals.
Answer :
Recycling of metals and discovering new substitutes for metals are ways of conserving minerals.
Question : 22 Name two non- metallic minerals.
Answer :
Mica and marble are non- metallic minerals.
Question : 23 What is commercial and non-commercial energy
Answer :
Commercial Energy:
The sources of energy which are used by the people for commercial purposes. The use of commercial source of energy can be used as an indicator of economic development of the country. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydro-electricity are the major commercial sources of energy.
Non- Commercial Energy:
The sources of energy which are used by the people for home consumption. The use of non-commercial source of energy can be used an indicator of living standard of the country. Fire wood, charcoal, cow-dung and agriculture waste are the major non-commercial sources of energy.
Question : 24 Write a brief note on conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer :
Conventional Sources of Energy:
Conventional source of energy have been used since the early times. Coal, Petroleum, natural gas, hydro-electricity, thermal power are the source of energy. All conventional sources of energy except hydro-electricity are exhaustible. These source cause environmental pollution. These source require huge capital.
Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:
Non- conventional source of energy have came into the use only recently. Wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal, biogas are example of these source of energy. Most of the non- conventional sources of energy are inexhaustible. These sources do not cause environmental pollution. Small amount of money is sufficient to have these sources.
