Class 10 - Social Science : Disaster Management
Chapter - 2 : Survival Skills
Top Block 1
Question : 1 What are the main objectives of Search and Rescue team? Define the team composition.
Answer :
The main objective of a Search and Rescue Team is to rescue trapped survivors of a disaster. Then first –aid should be provided to the injured people. After first –aid is given further medical help should be arranged.
In the event of any deaths during the disaster, the team should ensure the immediate disposal of the bodies as this may cause health hazards for the others. The Rescue team should seek help from the other people in the area as this would speed up the rescue operations. Rescue operations are usually organised as a team work. Team effort is the back bone of Rescue operations. There should be cooperation among members of a Search and rescue team. Some of the qualities the Rescue team should have are:
Emotional Balance
Professionalism
Sound Physique
Ability to deal with emergencies
Willingness to work at any time
Honesty.
Question : 2 Identify 2 indigenous ways to rescue people in case of floods.
Answer :
Indigenous ways to rescue people during floods are to use to use tubes or trunks of banana trees to keep the drowning people afloat.
Question : 3 Name 3 different ways to make stretchers with locally available resources.
Answer :
A stretcher can be made from locally available materials. Sweaters and shirts can be used to make stretchers – Rods can be inserted through the sleeves of three or four shirts to make a stretcher. A ladder can be used as a stretcher. Rope can be bound to rods and made into a stretcher.
Question : 4 Explain the goals of First Aid.
Answer :
First –aid refers to measures taken immediately after an accident. The aim of first-aid is not to cure the victim but to provide interim relief and prevent further harm, till professional help can be reached. The goals of first-aid is ABC of basic life support airwa breathing circulation. The priority is to ensure that the nose is not blocked and that the victim is able to breathe oxygen-rich air and the blood circulation is proper and that the heart is kept beating.
Question : 5 What are the causes of fainting and what are the measures that need to be taken up if you see someone who has fainted?
Answer :
Causes for fainting can be a head injury; epilepsy; stroke; poisoning; diabetes or lack of oxygen.
Measures to be taken when one has fainted……
Pinch the unconscious person and observe if he responds
Look for injuries
Loosen tight clothing
Keep record of the patient’s condition
Do not give the patient’s anything to eat or drink
Ensure that people do not crowd around the patient.
Question : 6 Identify 2 signs and symptoms of sprain and fracture.
Answer :
Signs and symptoms of sprains and fractures are pain at or near the site of injury increased by movement. Movement may be difficult or impossible at a fractured site. There will be swelling at the injured spot.
Mddle block 1
Additional Questions
Question : 1 What Solution do you give for dehydration?
Answer :
An Oral dehydration Solution prepared by dissolving a pinch of salt and a tea-spoon of sugar in a glass of water has to be given to a person who has been dehydrated.
Question : 2 what are the 3 major factors to be planned for a rescue operation to be successful?
Answer :
Rescue Operations have to be planned well to be effective.
The 3 major factors to be planned during a rescue operation are ….
Man-power
Rescue equipment
Method of rescue.
Question : 3
Answer :
Infra –red cameras; acoustic equipment and Bio- radars are 3 advanced equipments used to find out trapped victims.
Question : 4 What are the first-aid measures to be taken when a people is inflicted with burn injuries?
Answer :
A burn is an injury caused to the skin when it comes in contact with fire; steam; hot liquid; hot metal; electricity or harmful chemicals. While administering first aid for a burn injury the first thing a person should do is to immerse the burnt area in cool water. Remove restricting clothing before a blister forms.
One should then cover the burnt area with a dry sterile cloth. In case the victim himself is on fire, then the victim should be rolled down and covered with a blanket.
The person administering first-aid for a burn injury has to be careful not to apply any pressure on the area. Attempt should not be made to remove any material stuck on the burnt area. Oil or any other ointment should not be applied on the area.
Question : 5 What should be done in case of bleeding?
Answer :
Cuts, scraps and punctures can result in bleeding. Pressure should be applied on the bleeding spot to stop the bleeding. The patient should be made to raise the injured part above the level of the heart so that bleeding reduces. The wound should be bandaged once heavy bleeding stops so that the exposed are is not infected and further bleeding is restricted.
Question : 6 What should be done in the event of a dog bite and frost bite?
Answer :
Dog Bite
The first thing that has to be done when a person is bitten by a dog is to wipe the dog’s saliva and clean the wound thoroughly. The person giving first aid should be careful a not to come in contact with the saliva. The area that was bitten has to be covered with a dry sterile cloth after it has been washed. The patient has to be taken to the hospital immediately for further treatment.
FrostBite
Frost bites occur when the body tissues freeze after exposure to very low temperature. First the frostbitten areas should be covered with warm hands. The affected areas can be immersed in warm water. Then the area should be covered with warm material.
One should be careful not to rub the affected area with ice crystals. The patient should not be allowed to walk and one should ensure that any ensuing blisters should not be broken.
Question : 7 What are the duties of the Rescuer and the principles a rescuer should follow while assessing the area of disaster.
Answer :
The first duty of a rescuer is to assess the area of disaster. This would save time and make the operation more effective. The rescuer should know the extent of the damage, how to approach the area where the disaster has taken place and all other details pertaining to the disaster. He should also be aware if there is a possibility of further disaster in that particular area. The rescuer should gather all the necessary information from the local people. Principles a rescuer should follow while assessing the area of disaster is to visit the place and get first hand information of the place before beginning the rescue operation. He should listen to all the information that is available from all sources. The Rescuer should personally feel convinced that he can carry out the operation in spite of the dangers involved in the rescue operation.
Question : 8 What are the first-aid measures to be taken when a people is inflicted with burn injuries?
Answer :
A burn is an injury caused to the skin when it comes in contact with fire; steam; hot liquid; hot metal; electricity or harmful chemicals. While administering first aid for a burn injury the first thing a person should do is to immerse the burnt area in cool water. Remove restricting clothing before a blister forms. One should then cover the burnt area with a dry sterile cloth.
In case the victim himself is on fire, then the victim should be rolled down and covered with a blanket. The person administering first-aid for a burn injury has to be careful not to apply any pressure on the area. Attempt should not be made to remove any material stuck on the burnt area. Oil or any other ointment should not be applied on the area.
Question : 9 What should be done in the event of a dog bite and frost bite?
Answer :
Dog Bite
The first thing that has to be done when a person is bitten by a dog is to wipe the dog’s saliva and clean the wound thoroughly. The person giving first aid should be careful a not to come in contact with the saliva. The area that was bitten has to be covered with a dry sterile cloth after it has been washed. The patient has to be taken to the hospital immediately for further treatment.
FrostBite
Frost bites occur when the body tissues freeze after exposure to very low temperature. First the frostbitten areas should be covered with warm hands. The affected areas can be immersed in warm water. Then the area should be covered with warm material. One should be careful not to rub the affected area with ice crystals. The patient should not be allowed to walk and one should ensure that any ensuing blisters should not be broken.
Question : 10 What are the duties of the Rescuer and the principles a rescuer should follow while assessing the area of disaster.
Answer :
The first duty of a rescuer is to assess the area of disaster. This would save time and make the operation more effective. The rescuer should know the extent of the damage, how to approach the area where the disaster has taken place and all other details pertaining to the disaster. He should also be aware if there is a possibility of further disaster in that particular area. The rescuer should gather all the necessary information from the local people. The Rescuer should personally feel convinced that he can carry out the operation in spite of the dangers involved in the rescue operation.
Principles a rescuer should follow while assessing the area of disaster is to visit the place and get first hand information of the place before beginning the rescue operation. He should listen to all the information that is available from all sources.
